Born: 12 February 1903, New York City, N.Y., USA, as Joseph Francis Biroc.

Died: 7 September 1996, Woodland Hills, Calif., USA.

Education: Emerson High School, Union City, N.J., USA.

Career: In 1918 got a job working in the film lab at the Paragon Studios, Fort Lee. N.J. For about 6 years he worked in various labs in Fort Lee, Long Island and Los Angeles. Became c.asst at Paramount's Long Island Studios in 1925. Moved to Hollywood in 1927. Became c.op at RKO in 1929. During WW2, he served as a cameraman [US Army Signal Corps] in the European campaign He filmed the liberation of Paris in 1944. Retired in 1986.

Was member of the Masons, Malta Lodge No. 224, Union City, New Jersey. Was member of the ASC since 1948.

Awards: 'Oscar' AA nom [1946; b&w; shared] for 'It's a Wonderful Life'; 'Oscar' AA nom [1964; b&w] for 'Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte'; 'Emmy' Award [1971/2] for 'Brian's Song'; 'Oscar' AA [1974; shared] for 'The Towering Inferno'; 'Emmy' Award nom [1976/7] for 'The Moneychangers' [Part 1]; 'Emmy' Award nom [1977/8] for 'Washington: Behind Closed Doors' [Part 1] & 'A Family Upside Down'; 'Emmy' Award nom [1978/9] for 'Little Women' [Part 2]; 'Emmy' Award nom [1979/80] for 'Kenny Rogers as the Gambler'; 'Emmy' Award [1983] for 'Casablanca' [ep 'The Master Builder's Woman']; ASC Lifetime Achievement Award [1988].

'Attempting to pin down a representative Biroc style would be like trying to confine a kaleidoscope to a single pattern. For just as the particles of that instrument manage every time to form a perfect composition, so Biroc produces for each film a photographic texture which looks exactly right. His range is broad and takes in (among others) the grainy shadow-play of 'Down Three Dark Streets', the documentary realism of 'Attack!' and the radiant vistas of 'Ice Palace'. Two extended collaborations, with Fuller (4 films) and Aldrich (16 films), stand out in his work.' [David Badder in 'Film Dope', #3, August 1973.]

*****

Joseph Biroc's cinematography has a no-nonsense competence that does not draw attention to itself. His images are always at the service of the story. It is easy to dismiss Biroc as a modest talent or [worse yet] to ignore him altogether; but a look at his filmography reveals a body of work of impressive skill, variety, vitality, and innovation.

Biroc's long association with Robert Aldrich - beginning with 'World for Ransom' [1953] and continuing until the director's untimely death in 1982 - gave the cinematographer some of his most challenging assignments. Aldrich's work is strongly individualistic [eccentric, even] and Biroc was a trusted ally for translating that maverick vision into powerful and telling images. If the Aldrich films were all that survived of Biroc's work his career would still strike one as unusually provocative. Biroc and Aldrich worked together with a sympathy of purpose as productive as Griffith and Bitzer, Capra and Walker, and Bergman and Nykvist.

Though he has become one of cinematography's Grand Old Men, his work retains the muscle and clarity that has always distinguished it from that of his more prosaic peers. For that work, the American Society of Cinematographers bestowed on him its prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award in 1988. [From article by Frank Thompson, updated by John McCarty.]

1928        The Rescue [Herbert Brenon] b&w; cph: George Barnes & James Wong Howe

1936        Shall We Dance [Mark Sandrich] b&w; doph David Abel started the picture, but J. Biroc was the (uncred) doph for the

                    remaining 5 weeks

1942        It's All True [Orson Welles] unfinished; ph (with William Howard Greene & Harry J. Wild) 'Carnaval' seq; 'My Friend

                    Bonito' seq (dir by Norman Foster) ph by Floyd Crosby & Joe Noreigo; 'Four Men on a Raft' seq ph by George Fanto;

                    footage used in doc 'It's All True' (1993, Richard Wilson, Myron Meisel & Bill Krohn)

1942        Bombardier [Richard Wallace & (uncred aerial action seq) Lambert Hillyer] b&w; doph Nicholas Musuraca started the

                    picture, but J. Biroc was the (uncred) replacement

1946        It's a Wonderful Life [Frank Capra] b&w; finished prod (+ c.op); cph: Victor Milner (uncred) & Joseph Walker; spec pfx:

                    Russell A. Cully

1946        Magic Town [William A. Wellman] b&w

1947        On Our Merry Way/A Miracle Can Happen [King Vidor (Charles Laughton seq, filmed July 1946, cut from film &

                    Burgess Meredith/Paulette Goddard seq, filmed August 1946) & Leslie Fenton (Fred MacMurray seq, filmed September

                    1946 & Dorothy Lamour/Victor Moore seq, filmed October 1947); (uncred James Stewart/Henry Fonda seq, filmed

                    February 1947) George Stevens & John Huston] b&w; ph James Stewart/Henry Fonda seq; other ph: Edward Cronjager

                    (Charles Laughton seq - cut from film), Gordon Avil (Fred MacMurray seq), John F. Seitz & (uncred) Ernest Laszlo

                    (Dorothy Lamour/Victor Moore seq)

1947        Roughshod [Mark Robson] b&w; released in 1949

1948        My Dear Secretary [Charles Martin] b&w

1948        Johnny Allegro/Hounded [Ted Tetzlaff] b&w

1949        Tokyo Joe [Stuart Heisler] b&w; co-2uc (Tokyo background ph); ph: Charles Lawton Jr.

1949        Mrs. Mike [Louis King] b&w

1949        The Killer That Stalked New York/Frightened City [Earl McEvoy] b&w

1950        Cry Danger [Robert Parrish] b&w

1950        All That I Have [William F. Claxton] b&w; 55m; prod Family Film for the Lutheran Church

1951        The Bushwackers/The Rebel [Rod Amateau] b&w

1951        Without Warning!/The Story Without a Name [Arnold Laven] b&w

1951        Red Planet Mars [Harry Horner] b&w

1951        The Twonky [Arch Oboler] b&w; released in 1953

1952        Loan Shark [Seymour Friedman] b&w

1952        The Glass Wall [Maxwell Shane] b&w

1952        Bwana Devil [Arch Oboler] 3-D/c

1952        The Tall Texan [Elmo Williams] b&w

1952        Vice Squad/The Girl in Room 17 [Arnold Laven] b&w

1953        The Steel Cage [Walter Doniger] b&w; cph: John Alton; comp of 3 unaired ep of tv-series 'Duffy of San Quentin'

1953        Donovan's Brain [Felix Feist (replaced Curt Siodmak)] b&w

1953        Charade [Roy Kellino] b&w; 3 seg: 'Portrait of a Murderer', 'Duel at Dawn' & 'The Midas Touch'; cph: ?; see Television

                    (1952)

1953        World for Ransom [Robert Aldrich] b&w; shot in 9 days

1953        Appointment in Honduras/Jungle Fury [Jacques Tourneur] c

1954        Down Three Dark Streets/Case File: FBI [Arnold Laven] b&w

1955        Bengazi [John Brahm] Superscope/b&w

1955        Quincannon - Frontier Scout/Frontier Scout [Lesley Selander] c

1955        Ghost Town [Allen H. Miner] b&w

1955        Nightmare [Maxwell Shane] b&w

1956        Attack! [Robert Aldrich] b&w

1956        Tension at Table Rock [Charles Marquis Warren] c

1956        Run of the Arrow/Hot Lead [Samuel Fuller] RKO-Scope/c

1956        The Black Whip/The Man with a Whip [Charles Marquis Warren] RegalScope/b&w

1956        The Ride Back [Allen H. Miner] b&w

1956        The Garment Jungle [Vincent Sherman & Robert Aldrich (uncred; started the film, but fell ill)] b&w

1957        China Gate [Samuel Fuller] cs/b&w; spec pfx: Linwood G. Dunn

1957        The Unknown Terror [Charles Marquis Warren] RegalScope/b&w

1957        Forty Guns [Samuel Fuller] cs/b&w

1957        The Amazing Colossal Man [Bert I. Gordon] b&w

1957        Underwater Warrior [Andrew Marton] cs/b&w; uwph: Lamar Boren

1957        Born Reckless [Howard W. Koch] b&w; replaced scheduled doph Carl Guthrie

1958        Home Before Dark [Mervyn LeRoy] b&w

1958        Verboten! [Samuel Fuller] b&w

1958        The FBI Story [Mervyn LeRoy] c

1959        The Bat [Crane Wilbur] b&w

1959        Ice Palace [Vincent Sherman] c

1960        13 Ghosts [William Castle] b&w-c; originally filmed in Illusion-O

1960        Gold of the Seven Saints [Gordon Douglas] WarnerScope/b&w

1961        Operation Eichmann [R.G. Springsteen] b&w

1961        The Devil at 4 O'Clock [Mervyn LeRoy] c

1961        Sail a Crooked Ship [Irving Brecher] b&w

1961        Hitler/Women of Nazi Germany [Stuart Heisler] b&w

1962        Convicts 4/Reprieve [Millard Kaufman] b&w

1962        Confessions of an Opium Eater/Evils of Chinatown/Souls for Sale [Albert Zugsmith] b&w

1962        Bye Bye Birdie [George Sidney] p/c

1963        Toys in the Attic [George Roy Hill] p/b&w

1963        Promises! Promises! [King Donovan] b&w

1963        Under the Yum Yum Tree [David Swift] c

1963        4 for Texas/Four for Texas [Robert Aldrich] c; co-2uc; ph: Ernest Laszlo

1963        Viva Las Vegas/Love in Las Vegas [George Sidney] p/c

1963        Gunfight at Comanche Creek [Frank McDonald] p/c

1963        To Trap a Spy [Don Medford] c; expanded pilot ('The Vulcan Affair') of 'The Man from U.N.C.L.E.'-series; filmed

                    November 1963 & March/April 1964; see Television (1963); released in 1966

1963        Bullet for a Badman/Renegade Posse [R.G. Springsteen] c

1964        Ride the Wild Surf [Don Taylor] c

1964        Kitten with a Whip [Douglas Heyes] b&w

1964        The Young Lovers/Chance Meeting [Samuel Goldwyn Jr.] b&w; cph: Ellsworth Fredericks

1964        Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte/What Ever Happened to Cousin Charlotte? [Robert Aldrich] b&w

1965        I Saw What You Did [and I Know Who You Are!] [William Castle] b&w

1965        The Flight of the Phoenix [Robert Aldrich] c; aph: Paul Mantz; spec pfx: L.B. Abbott & Howard Lydecker

1965        The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming [Norman Jewison] p/c

1966        The Swinger [George Sidney] c; spec pfx: Paul K. Lerpae; process ph: Farciot Edouart

1966        Warning Shot [Buzz Kulik] c

1966        Enter Laughing [Carl Reiner] c

1966        Who's Minding the Mint? [Howard Morris] c

1966        Fitzwilly [Strikes Back] [Delbert Mann] p/c

1967        Tony Rome [Gordon Douglas] p/c

1967        The Legend of Lylah Clare [Robert Aldrich] c  

1968        The Detective [Gordon Douglas] p/c; spec pfx: L.B. Abbott & Art Cruickshank

1968        Lady in Cement [Gordon Douglas] p/c

1968        The Killing of Sister George [Robert Aldrich] c; London ph: Brian West

1968        Whatever Happened to Aunt Alice? [Lee H. Katzin] c

1969        Too Late the Hero/Suicide Run [Robert Aldrich] Metroscope (35mm & 70bu)/c; 2uc: Nonong Rasca

1969        The Greatest Mother of 'em All [Robert Aldrich & Tom Buchanan (dir ext)] c; short/20m; int ph; ext ph: Verne Carlson;

                    promo reel for un-produced feature

1969        Mrs. Pollifax - Spy [Leslie H. Martinson] c; 2uc: Mark H. Davis

1970        Escape from the Planet of the Apes [Don Taylor] p/c; spec pfx: L.B. Abbott & Howard A. Anderson

1971        The Organization [Don Medford] c

1971        The Grissom Gang [Robert Aldrich] c

1972        Ulzana's Raid [Robert Aldrich] c

1972        Emperor of the North Pole/Emperor of the North [Robert Aldrich] c; 2uc: Joe Jackman; spec vfx: L.B. Abbott

1972        Cahill [- U.S. Marshall] [- United States Marshal] [Andrew V. McLaglen] p/c; spec pfx: Albert Whitlock

1973        Superman [George Blair, Harry Gerstad & Lew Landers] c; comp of 4 ep (1957: #80 'Tin Hero' & #81 'The Town That

                    Wasn't'; 1958: #95 'The Mysterious Cube' & #100 'Superman's Wife') of tv-series 'Adventures of Superman'; cph:

                    Harold Wellman

1973        Blazing Saddles [Mel Brooks] p/c

1973        The Longest Yard/The Mean Machine [Robert Aldrich & (car chase) Hal Needham] c

1974        Shanks [William Castle] c

1974        The Towering Inferno [John Guillermin] p (35mm & 70bu)/c; ph action seq (dir by Irwin Allen); ph 1st unit: Fred J.

                    Koenekamp

1974        Hustle [Robert Aldrich] c

1975        The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox [Melvin Frank] p/c; 2uc: Joe Jackman

1977        The Choirboys [Robert Aldrich] c

1978        Beyond the Poseidon Adventure [Irwin Allen] p/c; uwph: Jack Cooperman; spec pfx: Harold Wellman

1979        Airplane!/Flying High [Jim Abrahams, David & Jerry Zucker] c; sfx ph: Bruce Logan; miniatures ph: Paul Gentry

1980        Hammett [Wim Wenders] c; cph: Philip Lathrop (reshoots in 1981)

1980        ...All the Marbles/The California Dolls [Robert Aldrich] c; 2uc: William Birch

1982        Airplane II: The Sequel/Flying High II [Ken Finkleman] c

Ph ep of 'Four Star Playhouse/Star Performance' (129-part series, 1952-56), 'TV Reader's Digest' (1955-56), 'Alcoa-Goodyear Theatre' (1957-60), 'Checkmate' (71-part series, 1960-62) & 'Grindl' (32-part series, 1963-64).

1951        The Honeymoon Is Over [?] ?

1952        The Midas Touch [Roy Kellino] tvm/b&w/30m; also seg of feature 'Charade' (1953); see Films

1952        I'm the Law [ep #3 'The Model Agency Story' dir by George Archainbaud, #7 'The South American Money and the

                    Generals Coffin' dir by Jean Yarbrough (JY), #8 'Who Killed Evelyn?' dir by JY, #9 'The Stool Pigeon Story' dir by JY, #10

                    'The Juvenile Murder Story' dir by JY, #11 'The Mad Cartoonist' dir by JY, #12 'The Wish and the Shoplifter' dir by Robert

                    Walker (RW), #14 'O sole mio' dir by RW, #15 'The Trucking Story' dir by RW, #18 'The Countess Bobo Story' dir by

                    RW, #21 'The Killer' dir by RW, #24 'Falling Star' dir by RW, #? 'The Waterfront Story' dir by RW & #? 'Train to Auburn'

                    dir by JY] 26-part series/b&w, 1952-53

1952        China Smith [various] 52-part series/b&w, 1952 & 1954-55 ('The New Adventures of China Smith'); other ph: Don Flagg

1952        The Child [James Mason] tvm/b&w/28m

1953        Your Readers [e.g. 'About War', 'John Keats', 'The Birth of Christ', 'Robinson Crusoe' & 'Julius Caesar' dir by James

                    Mason] 29(?)-part series/b&w; cph: Hal Mohr; each ep (20m) is a reading of excerpts from a literary work

1954        The Lone Wolf/Streets of Danger [ep #3 'The Art Story/The Painting' dir by Bernard Girard (BG), #4 'The San

                    Francisco Story' dir by BG, #5 'The Emerald Ring' dir by BG, #6 'The Avalanche Story/The Reno Story/Time Bomb' dir

                    by ? & #7 'The Chinese Story/Intrigue' dir by ?] 39-part series/b&w; other ph: Frederick Gately, Nicholas Musuraca &

                    Charles Van Enger

1954        Police Call/International Police [ep 'Montreal' dir by Arthur Singer] 26-part series/b&w

1954        Treasury Men in Action/Federal Men/T-Men in Action [ep #5-3 'The Case of the Gentleman Cheat' dir by William

                    Beaudine (WB), # 5-8 'The Case of the Green Feathers' dir by Gerald Mayer, #5-13 'The Case of the Broken Bond' dir

                    by WB, #5-36 'The Case of the Shot in the Dark' dir by Will Jason (WJ) & #5-39 'The Case of the Slippery Eel' dir by WJ]

                    series/b&w, 1950-55 for ABC-tv & NBC-tv; 5th season, 1954-55 (ABC-tv)

1955        Adventures of Superman [13 ep dir by various] 104-part series, 1952-58; 4th season, 1956; this series followed the

                    theatrical feature 'Superman and the Mole Men' dir by Lee Sholem and ph by Clark Ramsey in July-August 1951 (the 1st

                    season, 1952-53 - 24 ep - was ph by William Whitley in 1951 and was sold to Kellogg's Cereal Company, who delayed

                    airing by a year)

1955        Screen Directors Playhouse [ep #7 'The Final Tribute' dir by Andrew L. Stone] 35-part series/b&w, 1955-56

195?        Warden Duffy of San Quentin [pilot 'Hostages' dir by Walter Doniger] unsold pilot/b&w

1955        My Friend Flicka [ep #7 'The Stranger' dir by Robert Gordon] 39-part series, 1955-56; cph: Lloyd Ahern; other ph: Karl

                    Struss, Clark Ramsey, a.o.; filmed in c, but aired in b&w on CBS-tv (rerun in c on NBC-tv); first filmed series from 20th

                    Century-Fox

1955        The Wanderer [ep 'A Place of Plenty' dir by Harry Horner] series/b&w

1956        Sheriffs of the U.S.A. [ep 'Dandy Man' dir by Gerald Mayer] series/b&w

1956        Cavalry Patrol [Charles Marquis Warren] pilot/b&w/30m

1956        General Electric Summer Originals [ep 'It's Sunny Again' dir by Don Weis] series/b&w

1956        Arabian Nights [ep 'The Princess and the Beggar' dir by Gilbert Kay] series/b&w

1957        Adventures of Superman [13 ep dir by various] 6th season, 1958; see Television (1955) & Films (1973)

1957        Playhouse 90 [ep #36 'Without Incident' dir by Charles Marquis Warren] 134-part series/b&w, 1956-60; 1st season,

                    1956-57

1957        Alfred Hitchcock Presents [ep #83 'Silent Witness' dir by Paul Henreid] 268-part series/b&w, 1955-62 for CBS-tv &

                    NBC-tv; 3rd season, 1957-58

1957        Richard Diamond, Private Detective/Calling Mr. 'D' [ep #13 'The Space Society' dir by Stuart Rosenberg] 77-part

                    series/b&w, 1957-60; 2nd season, 1958

1958        The Jeannie Carson Show/Hey, Jeannie! [ep 1 (season 2) 'The Landlord' dir by Rod Amateau] 32-part series/b&w,

                    1956-57 & 1958-59; 2nd season, 1958-59 (6 ep); other ph: William Margulies

1958        The Adventures of Super Pup [Cal Howard] pilot/b&w/22m for unsold series; spec pfx: Jack Rabin & Louis DeWitt

1959        [Dick Powell's] Zane Grey Theater/The Westerners [ep #87 'Checkmate' dir by John English] 146-part series/b&w,

                    1956-61; 3rd season, 1958-59

1959        Hotel de Paree [ep #1 'Sundance Comes Home/Sundance Returns' dir by Robert Aldrich] 33-part series/b&w, 1959-60

1959        The Detectives [Starring Robert Taylor] [ep #1 'The Streger Affair' dir by Arnold Laven] 97-part series/b&w, 1959-62;

                    1st season, 1959-60

1962        This Rugged Land [Arthur Hiller] tvm; originally ep #1 'The Day the Empire Stood Still' of series 'Empire/The Big G'

                    (1962-63) + add footage

1963        The Man from U.N.C.L.E. [pilot 'The Vulcan Affair' dir by Don Medford] 105-part series, 1964-68; 1st season/b&w, 1964-

                    65; other ph: Fred Koenekamp; see Films (1963)

1967        The Hardy Boys [pilot dir by ?] series

1971        Brian's Song [Buzz Kulik] tvm; also released theatrically

1971        Gidget Gets Married [E.W. Swackhamer] pilot

1971        Thursday's Game/The Berk [Robert Moore] tvm; shown in 1974

1972        Ghost Story/Circle of Fear [various] 23-part series, 1972-73; other ph: Bill Butler & Emmett Bergholtz

1972        Playmates [Theodore J. Flicker] tvm

1972        The Crooked Hearts [Jay Sandrich] tvm

1973        Wonder Woman [Vincent McEveety] tvm; originally the first pilot for the 'Wonder Woman'-series, 1976-79

1973        Honky-Tonk [Don Taylor] tvm

1976        [Arthur Hailey's] The Moneychangers [Boris Sagal] 4-part miniseries

1976        SST - Death Flight/SST - Disaster in the Sky/Death Flight/Flight of the Maiden [David Lowell Rich] tvm

1977        Washington: Behind Closed Doors [Gary Nelson] 6-part miniseries; cph: Jack Swain; 2uc: Andrew Laszlo

1977        A Family Upside Down [David Lowell Rich] tvm

1978        The Clone Master [Don Medford] pilot

1978        Little Women [David Lowell Rich] 2-part tvm; followed by series in 1979

1979        Scruples [Alan J. Levi (replaced Hy Averback)] 3-part miniseries; followed by sequel in 1981

1980        [Kenny Rogers as] The Gambler [Dick Lowry] tvm

1981        Desperate Lives [Robert M. Lewis] tvm

1982        Casablanca [ep #1 'Who Am I Killing?' dir by Ralph Senensky (RS), #2 'The Master Builder's Woman' dir by Robert M.

                    Lewis (RML), #3 'Jenny' dir by Mel Stuart, #4 'The Cashier and the Belly Dancer' dir by RS & #5 'Divorce, Casablanca

                    Style' dir by RML] 5-part series, 1983

1983        The Jerk, Too [Michael Schultz] pilot

1984        Hell Town/Father of Hell Town [Don Medford] pilot

1984        A Death in California/Psychopath [Delbert Mann] 2-part tvm

1985        Outrage! [Walter Grauman] tvm

1985        A Winner Never Quits [Mel Damski] tvm

1987        Time Out for Dad [Harry Harris] pilot/60m

1930        Cimarron [Wesley Ruggles] co-c.asst; ph: Edward Cronjager

1931        [Young] Donovan's Kid [Fred Niblo] co-2nd cam; ph: Edward Cronjager

1931        Three Who Loved [George Archainbaud] co-2nd cam; ph: Nicholas Musuraca

1931        Are These Our Children? [Wesley Ruggles & (uncred) Howard Estabrook] co-2nd cam; ph: Leo Tover

1931        Ladies of the Jury [Lowell Sherman] co-2nd cam; ph: Jack MacKenzie

1931        The Lost Squadron [George Archainbaud] co-c.op; ph: Edward Cronjager & Leo Tover

1932        State's Attorney/Cardigan's Last Case [George Archainbaud] co-c.op; ph: Leo Tover

1932        The Monkey's Paw [Wesley Ruggles & (uncred add scenes) Ernest B. Schoedsack] co-c.asst; ph: Leo Tover

1932        Secrets of the French Police [A. Edward Sutherland] co-c.asst; ph: Alfred Gilks

1932        No Other Woman [J. Walter Ruben] 2nd c.op; ph: Edward Cronjager

1932        The Animal Kingdom/The Woman in His House [Edward H. Griffith & (uncred) George Cukor] ph: George Folsey

1933        Before Dawn [Irving Pichel] 2nd cam; ph: Lucien Andriot

1933        Rafter Romance [William Seiter] ph: David Abel

1933        Ann Vickers [John Cromwell] ph: David Abel & Edward Cronjager

1934        Where Sinners Meet/The Dover Road [J. Walter Ruben] ph: Nicholas Musuraca & (uncred) David Abel

1934        Their Big Moment/Afterwards [James Cruze] ph: Harold Wenstrom

1934        The Gay Divorcee/The Gay Divorce [Mark Sandrich] ph: David Abel

1934        Laddie [George Stevens] ph: Harold Wenstrom

1935        Break of Hearts [Philip Moeller] ph: Robert De Grasse

1936        The Ex-Mrs. Bradford [Stephen Roberts] ph: J. Roy Hunt

1936        Swing Time [George Stevens] 2nd c.op; ph: David Abel

1939        Five Came Back [John Farrow] ph: Nicholas Musuraca

1940        Tom Brown's School Days/Adventures at Rugby [Robert Stevenson] ph: Nicholas Musuraca

1946        It's a Wonderful Life [Frank Capra] c.op (& finished film); ph: Victor Milner (uncred) & Joseph Walker; see Films