"Shampoo" [1974]

LÁSZLÓ KOVÁCS

Born: 14 May 1933, Cece [near Budapest], Hungary.

Died: 22 July 2007, Beverly Hills, Calif., USA.

Education: Szinház- és Filmmüvészeti Föiskola [SzFF], Budapest [1952-56; one of his teachers was doph György Illés].

Career: Filmed, together with his film school classmate Vilmos Zsigmond, the Hungarian Uprising of October 1956. They took an Arriflex camera from their school and filmed the battle between the Budapest citizens and the Russian troops and tanks. In November 1956 they fled to Austria where the film was processed and sold to a producer [the film was aired by CBS-TV in 1961]. He [and Zsigmond] arrived in the USA in March 1957. He was naturalized in 1963. He had a variety of jobs in New York and Seattle before moving to Hollywood in 1958. He [and Zsigmond] began shooting 16mm medical, training and educational films before moving into 'no-budget' and 'low-budget' narrative features.

Ph music videos.

Was one of the 'masters' at the '6th International Masterclass' [2001] in Budapest.

In 2007, the Plus Camerimage [formerly Camerimage] festival added the inscription 'Laszlo Kovacs Student Award' to its 'Golden Tadpole' Award. The ASC dedicated the 2008 'Heritage Award' to the memory of László Kovács.

Was a member of the ASC & HSC.

Book about him: 'New Wave King, The Cinematography of Laszlo Kovacs, ASC' by Ray Zone.

Appeared in the doc's 'Visions of Light: The Art of Cinematography' [1991], 'Cinéma! Cinéma! The French New Wave' [1992, Charles Spencer; ph: Simon Kossoff; 51m], 'Ljuset håller mig sällskap/Light Keeps Me Company' [1999, Carl-Gustav Nykvist], 'I Love New York' [2002, Jorge Ortiz de Landázuri Yzarduy; ph: Eduardo Mangada], 'Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex, Drugs and Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood' [2002, Kenneth Bowser; ph: Paul Mailman; 119m], 'Cinematographer Style' [2005, Jon Fauer; ph: J. Fauer, Jeff Laszlo, Brian Heller & David Morgan] & 'No Subtitles Necessary: Laszlo & Vilmos' [2007, James Chressanthis; ph: Anka Malatynska; 105m].

Awards: Laurel Award 'Golden Laurel' [1970, Runner up] for 'Easy Rider'; Laurel Award 'Golden Laurel' [1971, 3rd place] for 'Five Easy Pieces'; Camerimage 'Lifetime Achievement Award' [1998]; WorldFest Flagstaff 'Lifetime Achievement Award' [1999]; Hollywood FF 'Discovery Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography' [2001]; ASC 'Lifetime Achievement Award' [2002]; HSC 'A Legenda' Award [2005].

László Kovács: 'In the Hollywood of the 1960s, everyone started on the same level: ground zero. Didn't matter if you were a graduate from New York University or a refugee from Hungary. It was the end of the big studio era; fly-by-night independent producers were everywhere, eagerly supplying the drive-in cinemas with cheap 'product'. A new generation of filmmakers cut their teeth on exploitation films; and alongside them, a new generation of cinematographers. After shooting newsreel and medical films on 16mm [where Vilmos Zsigmond and I were often each other's only crew], we became part of the gang working for Roger Corman. His 'factory' was both sweatshop and film school. Corman exploited us, sure, but - and he knew this as well as any of us - we were getting the greater benefit. We usually had around 8 days to complete a 70-90 minute picture. And although they were mostly formulaic schlock, the more talented directors and writers always tried to sneak something interesting into the story, or experiment visually. There was something of the pioneer spirit about that time in our lives. We were all in filmmaking heaven. We worked around the clock, grabbing a few hours' sleep in a sleeping bag on the set or the location.

'Everybody thinks that my big break was with 'Easy Rider', but not really. That film was really a result of something that already started happening. You're a filmmaker, you're making movies! Jack Nicholson did three bike movies before that and nobody had heard of them… 'Rebel Rousers', 'Hells Angels on Wheels' and so on… anyway. You sort of look to find a director who likes to work with you. It's very important to "team up". Early on I was teamed up with Richard Rush, and we did all kinds of crazy bike movies and psychedelic movies like 'Psych-Out' which was about the flower children in San Francisco. That was significant to me; one night back in 1967, it was playing the Aquarius Theatre in Los Angeles on Sunset Boulevard, and Dennis Hopper just happened to see this crazy movie. It was actually very rough and raw, but it was visually very, very interesting. He knew a production manager that I also worked with, and Dennis said, "Look. I want to find the guy who shot this movie 'Psych-Out', and I want him to shoot my first picture."*

'This production manager comes to me and asks if I know Dennis Hopper. I said that I knew him well; he was already a name by then as an actor. He then told me that Dennis was about to make a bike movie, and I went, "You said bike? I don't want to hear about it… I mean how many bike movies do you want to see the rest of your life? I'm sick and tired of it." "No, no," the manager said, "This is a different kind of bike movie." "How is it different?" I asked. "They have bicycles, but you ought to listen to Dennis who is coming from Toronto where they finished writing the script. He's going to come into a meeting and explain the whole thing." And he did, and he grabbed the script pages and threw it up in the air all over the place. "This guy is totally crazy," I thought. "Don't worry about it," he said, "I'll tell you what the story is about." And so he began, he started talking about these two guys who take this incredible journey. And that's what basically grabbed my imagination which made me beam. Finally, I could do something really interesting here. And then he finished the story that sounded like a Greek tragedy. There was silence in the room; everybody was impressed. I said to Dennis, "When do we start?" He was blown away that I liked it. Every person who was there was a future crew member. That's how 'Easy Rider' was born. In those days when it hit like a bomb, and shook like an earthquake, that they thought it was a bunch of kids who grabbed a camera, went out, filmed some bikes and they got lucky! We had a very serious script, everything scripted for the dialogue, especially the campfire sequence. Only the riding shots were unscripted. Jack had his big monologue, and he was stoned, of course, but he's got such incredible control as an actor that he made it work for the scene. He never missed a letter of the monologue. A couple of times he broke up then he left it in because it was very funny.* he was unbelievable;

'By this time, you know, my name was all over the place. The film went to the Cannes Film Festival and Dennis got his first director prize. I went as well and it was the only time I ever went; I paid my own way because the studio wouldn't pay. I couldn't believe that the night before we were nobodies; you know, a bunch of hippies. But after the showing, suddenly we were the celebrities. The rest of it is history.*

'One of the movies of which I'm most proud is Peter Bogdanovich's 'Paper Moon'. We wanted to evoke the classic b&w Hollywood tradition pioneered by cinematographers like Arthur Miller, John Alton and Gregg Toland. 'Citizen Kane' was our biggest influence; I had seen it for the first time in Budapest in 1948 and it had made an indelible impression. Orson Welles and Peter were very close friends, and I got to meet my 'god' while we were preparing our film. I'd been testing b&w film with various filters but still hadn't found the right look. Orson said, "Use red filters, my boy." And I did, because although the filters reduced the film speed and meant I had to use big arc-lights to achieve the deep-focus look Peter wanted, the red filters created incredibly beautiful, dramatic skies and gave us exactly the expressionistic look we were after.'

'When I'm lighting, I like to feel that every light has a dramatic logic and function in the composition. It really is like painting; each piece of light is a brush-stroke, giving different emotional values, defining and texturing each part of the shot from foreground to background, highlighting what's important for the audience to see. This is the aesthetic heart of my work and it gives me the most responsibility and pressure, because the tempo of the shoot, and the morale of the unit, depends on how quickly you work. The cinematographer has to be a strong leader. I have my own repertory company of lighting and camera crew who I've worked with over decades, which gives us a kind of mutual respect and trust. We have a shorthand after all this time and that enables us to work together like a well-oiled machine.' [Using excerpts (*) from interview 'The Storytelling of László Kovács, Cinematographer' by Jason Whyte published on the EFilmCritic.Com website.]

FILMS

1956	Ungarn in Flammen/Revolt in Hungary [Stefan Erdelyi] b&w; doc/83m; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond & Ferencz Vass
1958	Az ég kékje/The Blue of the Sky [László Kovács & Vilmos Zsigmond] ?; short/?m; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1963	Holiday in Silk [Leigh Hunt] c; doc/40m; skydiving ph: Bob Buquor
1963	Lullaby [László Kovács & Vilmos Zsigmond] ?; short/?m; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1963	Kiss Me Quick!/Dr. Breedlove [Seymour Tuchus (= Bethel Buckalew = Max Gardens & Peter Perry)] c; as Lester Kovacs
1963	Mark of the Gun [Ross Hagen] c; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1963	A Man Called Dagger/Why Spy? [Richard Rush] c
1965	The Notorious Daughter of Fanny Hill [Peter Stootsberry (= Peter Perry = Bethel Buckalew)] c
1966	A Smell of Honey, a Swallow of Brine [B. Ron Elliot (= Byron Mabe)] b&w; as Art Radford
1966	Single Room Furnished [Matteo Ottaviano (= Matt Cimber)] c; as Leslie Kovacs
196?	A Girl in Daddy's Bikini [?] ?
1967	Rebel Rousers/The Wild Rider/Limbo [Martin B. Cohen] c; cph: Glen R. Smith
1967	Hells Angels on Wheels/Leader of the Pack [Richard Rush] c; as Leslie Kovacs
1967	Mondo Mod [Peter Perry (= Bethel Buckalew)] c; doc/72m; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond; 2uc: Ewing Miles Brown & Ed De Priest; as Leslie Kovacks
1967	The Savage Seven [Richard Rush] c
1967	Blood of Dracula's Castle/Dracula's Castle [Al Adamson] c; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond (who left the prod early)
1967	Psych-Out/Love Children [Richard Rush] c

With actor Boris Karloff - "Targets"

1967	Targets/Before I Die [Peter Bogdanovich] c
1967	Hell's Bloody Devils/Operation M/Smashing the Crime Syndicate/The Fakers [Al Adamson] c; cph: Frank Ruttencutter; 2uc: Gary Graver
1968	Mantis in Lace/Lila [William Rotsler] c; as Leslie Kovacks
1968	That Cold Day in the Park [Robert Altman] c

With actor Peter Fonda - "Easy Rider"

1968	Easy Rider [Dennis Hopper] c; addph: Barry Feinstein
1969	A Day with the Boys [Clu Gulager] c; short/17m
1969	Directed by John Ford [Peter Bogdanovich] b&w-c; doc/99m; cph: Gregory Sandor, Eric Sherman, Patrick Stewart & Brick Marquard; revised in 2006 (108m)
1969	Getting Straight [Richard Rush] c
1969	The Last Movie/Chinchero [Dennis Hopper] c

"Five Easy Pieces" - photo by Ron Vidor

1969	Five Easy Pieces [Bob Rafelson] c
1970	Alex in Wonderland [Paul Mazursky] c
1970	The Marriage of a Young Stockbroker [Lawrence Turman] c
1970	A Reflection of Fear/Autumn Child/Labyrinth [William Fraker] c; released 1973
1970	Dusty and Sweets McGee [Floyd Mutrux] c; doc + dram seq/95m; co-addph ('Whiskey a Go Go' nightclub scenes); ph: William Fraker
1971	Pocket Money [Stuart Rosenberg] c
1971	Steelyard Blues/The Final Crash [Alan Myerson] c; took over from Stevan Larner, who got injured during filming
1971	What's Up, Doc? [Peter Bogdanovich] c
1971	The King of Marvin Gardens [Bob Rafelson] c
1972	Slither [Howard Zieff] c
1972	Paper Moon [Peter Bogdanovich] b&w
1973	Huckleberry Finn [J. Lee Thompson] p/c
1973	For Pete's Sake/July Pork Bellies [Peter Yates] c
1974	Shampoo [Hal Ashby] c

"Freebie and the Bean"

1974	Freebie and the Bean [Richard Rush] p/c
1974	At Long Last Love [Peter Bogdanovich] c
1975	Harry and Walter Go to New York [Mark Rydell] p/c
1975	Baby Blue Marine [John Hancock] c
1976	Nickelodeon [Peter Bogdanovich] c
1976	Close Encounters of the Third Kind [Steven Spielberg] p/c; co-addph; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond; see 1980
1976	New York, New York [Martin Scorsese] p/c
1976	The Last Waltz [Martin Scorsese] c; mus doc/117m; co-addph; ph: Michael Chapman
1977	F.I.S.T. [Norman Jewison] c
1977	Paradise Alley [Sylvester Stallone] c
1978	Butch and Sundance: The Early Days [Richard Lester] c; creative visual cons: Paul Wilson
1978	The Rose [Mark Rydell] c; add concert ph; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1978	The Runner Stumbles [Stanley Kramer] c
1978	Heart Beat [John Byrum] c
1980	Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Special Edition [Steven Spielberg] see 1976
1980	Inside Moves [Richard Donner] c; 2uc: Bobby Byrne & Robert Stevens
1980	The Legend of the Lone Ranger [William Fraker] p/c; addph: Bobby Byrne
1980	Blow Out [Brian De Palma] p/c; uncred addph; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1981	Frances [Graeme Clifford] c; 2uc: László Pal
1982	The Toy [Richard Donner] c; Chicago ph: William Burch
1983	Crackers [Louis Malle] c
1983	Ghost Busters [Ivan Reitman] p/c; ph New York: Herb Wagreitch
1984	Predator: The Concert/Grizzly 2: The Predator [? & Ross Massbaum] c; unreleased
1984	Mask [Peter Bogdanovich] c

With Robert Redford and Debra Winger - "Legal Eagles"

Photo Thys Ockersen Archive

1985	Legal Eagles [Ivan Reitman] p/c; addph: Bill Butler; sfx ph: Neil Krepela
1987	Little Nikita/The Sleepers [Richard Benjamin] c; 2uc: Rexford Metz
1988	Say Anything... [Cameron Crowe] c
1990	Three Points of View [?] c; comm doc (3 seg)/12m; other ph: Vic Sarin & Billy Williams; demo film Eastman EXR 500T 5293 color negative
1990	Shattered [Wolfgang Petersen] c; 2uc: Bobby Byrne
1990	Radio Flyer [Richard Donner] p/c; 2uc: Bobby Byrne
1991	Ruby Cairo/Deception [Graeme Clifford] c; addph: Paul Edwards; 2uc: David Burr & Michael Gershman
1992	Life with Mikey [James Lapine] announced as doph, but film was ph by Rob Hahn
1992	Sliver [Phillip Noyce] p/c; co-2uc; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1993	Living History: Stanley Cortez, ASC [Woody Omens] 16mm/c; interview/?m
1993	The Next Karate Kid [Christopher Cain] c
1993	Wayne's World 2 [Stephen Surjik] c; addph; ph: Francis Kenny
1994	The Scout [Michael Ritchie] c
1994	Free Willy 2 [: The Adventure Home] [Dwight H. Little] p/c; 2uc: Gary Holt; uwph: Pete Romano; wildlife ph: Bob Talbot; aph: Ron Goodman
1994	Copycat [Jon Amiel] p/c; addph: Tony Pierce-Roberts
1995	Multiplicity [Harold Ramis] p/c
1996	My Best Friend's Wedding [P.J. Hogan] p/c

[Right] with dir Troy Miller - "Jack Frost"

1998	Jack Frost/Frost [Troy Miller] p/c; 2uc: Clyde Smith
1999	Return to Me/Distance Calls [Bonnie Hunt] c; replaced ph John A. Alonzo
2000	Miss Congeniality/Miss Undercover [Donald Petrie] c; 2uc: Raymond Prado & Ralph Watson
*2001*	*Carolina* [Marleen Gorris] scheduled as doph during pre-production; prod was ph by John Peters
2002	Two Weeks Notice [Marc Lawrence] c; addph: Jonathan Mayo
2005	Torn from the Flag [Endre Hules & Klaudia Kovács] HD/c; doc/95m; Los Angeles & Hungary ph; other ph: Zoltán Honti, Vilmos Zsigmond & Justin Schein; + co-exec prod

TELEVISION

1964	National Geographic Specials [Walon Green, Terry Sanders, Bert Haanstra, a.o.] series, 1964-75; other ph: John Alonzo, Vilis Lapenieks, Robert Elfstrom, a.o.
1965	Time-Life Specials: The March of Time [Mel Stuart, William Friedkin, a.o.] series, 1965-66/b&w; other ph: Vilis Lapenieks & Jeri Sopanen
1968	The Making of the President: 1968 [Mel Stuart] doc/b&w-c/60m; cph: Vilis Lapenieks, Fritz Roland & Richard Blofson
1969	The Wonderful World of Wheels [?] special/60m; cph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1969	Los Angeles: Where It's At [Jerome Jacobs & Gary Schlosser] doc/50m; co-addph; ph: Robert Cirace; as Leslie Kovacs
1975	family [pilot 'The Best Years' dir by Mark Rydell] 86-part series, 1976-80; 1st season, 1976 (6 ep); other ph (5 ep): Arch R. Dalzell; for ABC-tv
1984	Elvis Presley's Graceland [Steve Binder] doc/62m; cph: Jeremy Lepard

MISCELLANEOUS

1963	The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies!!?/Teenage Psycho Meets Bloody Mary [Ray Dennis Steckler] co-c.op; ph: Joseph V. Mascelli
1963	What's Up Front!/The Fall Guy/A Fourth for Marriage [Bob Wehling] c.op; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1963	Summer Children/A Hot Summer Game/It's All in the Game [James Bruner] co-lighting; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1964	The Time Travelers/Time Trap/This Time Tomorrow [Ib Melchior] c.op; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1964	Nasty Rabbit/Spies-A-Go-Go [James Landis] c.asst (+ small part); ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1965	Rat Fink/My Soul Runs Naked/Wild and Willing [James Landis] c.op; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond
1965	Tales of a [Traveling] Salesman [Don Russell] c.op; ph: Vilmos Zsigmond

FILMS AS DIRECTOR

1958	Az ég kékje/The Blue of the Sky [co-d: Vilmos Zsigmond; + cph] see Films
1963	Lullaby [co-d: Vilmos Zsigmond; + cph] see Films
1997	Napfényes Oszkár [c; doc/?m] ph: ?
199?	Kik azok a zöldek...? [c; doc/37m] ph: ?
199?	Öncsöd [c; doc/45m] ph: ?